A simple guide to understanding how solar panels generate electricity and reduce your dependence on the grid.
Solar panels convert sunlight into usable electricity using a technology called the photovoltaic effect. Here’s how it works in the Indian context.
The Photovoltaic Effect
When sunlight hits the solar cells—usually made of silicon—electrons are knocked loose, generating direct current (DC). This DC electricity is then converted to alternating current (AC) via an inverter for household use.
System Components
A typical Indian rooftop solar system includes PV panels, an inverter, mounting structures, wiring, and optionally, batteries. In many cases, solar performance is monitored through a mobile app provided by the installer.
Grid Connection in India
Most systems are grid-connected and use net metering to adjust your monthly electricity bill based on how much energy you contribute to and consume from the grid. DISCOM approvals and bidirectional meters are needed for setup.
Efficiency and Performance
Modern panels offer 15–22% efficiency. Systems are designed to suit local conditions—whether it’s high temperatures in Rajasthan or overcast skies in Kerala. With proper maintenance, they last over 25 years.
Solar Expert
Published on April 28, 2025